Iphampu kazibuthe yensimbi engagqwali ine-anti-corrosion ukusebenza. Izinto zensimbi engagqwali zifaka i-304, 316L, njll. Lezi zinto ezimbili zivame ukusetshenziswa kumaphampu kazibuthe ensimbi engenasici. Ngokulethwa koketshezi oluqinile olugqwalile, ukuphi umkhawulo wokusebenza okunqanda ukugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali? Okuphakathi okumele kuthuthwe Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili eziyinhloko zokugqwala ezintweni zephampu kazibuthe zensimbi: ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical, ukugqwala okufanayo, ukugqwala kwe-intergranular, ukugqwala kwe-pitting, ukugqwala kwe-crevice, ukugqwala kwengcindezi, ukugqwala kwe-wear, kanye nokugqwala kwe-cavitation.
1. Ukugqwala komgodi
I-Pitting corrosion iwuhlobo lokugqwala kwendawo. Ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwendawo kwefilimu ye-metal passivation, imigodi ye-hemispherical yenziwa ngokushesha endaweni ethile yendawo yensimbi, ebizwa ngokuthi i-pitting corrosion. I-pitting corrosion ibangelwa kakhulu yi-CL ̄. Ukuvimbela ukugqwala komgodi, insimbi ene-Mo (ngokuvamile engu-2.5% Mo) ingasetshenziswa, futhi ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-CL ̄ nezinga lokushisa, okuqukethwe kwe-Mo nakho kufanele kukhuphuke ngokufanele.
2. Ukugqwala kweCrevice
I-Crevice corrosion iwuhlobo lokugqwala kwendawo, okusho ukugqwala okubangelwa ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo kwefilimu yensimbi ngenxa yokuncipha kokuqukethwe komoyampilo kanye (noma) nokuncipha kwe-pH emfantwini ngemva kokuba umgodi ugcwaliswe uketshezi olubolayo. Ukugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali kuvame ukwenzeka esixazululweni se-CL ̄. Ukugqwala kwe-Crevice kanye nokugqwala kwe-pitting kufana kakhulu endleleni yabo yokwakheka. Kokubili kudalwe indima ye-CL ̄ kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwefilimu ye-passivation. Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwe-CL ̄ kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa, amathuba okugqwala kwemifantu ayanda. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-Cr ne-Mo kungavimbela noma kunciphise ukugqwala kwemifantu.
3. Ukugqwala okufanayo
Ukugqwala okufanayo kusho ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali okufanayo kwayo yonke indawo yensimbi lapho uketshezi olubolayo luthinta indawo yensimbi. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu futhi oluyingozi kakhulu lokugqwala.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukugqwala okufanayo yilezi: thatha izinto ezifanele (kuhlanganise nezingezona ezensimbi), futhi ucabangele isibonelelo esanele sokugqwala ekwakhiweni kwephampu.
4. Ukugqwala kwe-Cavitation
Ukugqwala okubangelwa i-cavitation empompini kazibuthe kubizwa ngokuthi i-cavitation corrosion. Indlela ewusizo kakhulu futhi elula yokuvimbela ukugqwala kwe-cavitation ukuvimbela i-cavitation ukuthi ingenzeki. Kumaphampu avame ukuhlushwa yi-cavitation ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala kwe-cavitation, izinto ezingamelana ne-cavitation zingasetshenziswa, njenge-hard alloy, i-phosphor bronze, i-austenitic stainless steel, 12% chromium steel, njll.
5. Ukugqwala kwengcindezi
I-stress corrosion isho uhlobo lokugqwala kwendawo okubangelwa isenzo esihlanganyelwe sengcindezi nendawo egqwalayo.
Insimbi ye-Austenitic Cr-Ni ithambekele kakhulu ekucindezelekeni kokugqwala ku-CL~ medium. Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwe-CL ̄, izinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi, ukugqwala kwengcindezi kungenzeka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukugqwala kwengcindezi akwenzeki ngaphansi kuka-70 ~ 80°C. Isilinganiso sokuvimbela ukugqwala kwengcindezi ukusebenzisa i-austenitic Cr-Ni steel enokuqukethwe kwe-Ni ephezulu (i-Ni ingu-25% ~ 30%).
6. Ukugqwala kwe-Electrochemical
I-electrochemical corrosion ibhekisela kwinqubo ye-electrochemical lapho indawo yokuthintana yezinsimbi ezingafani yakha ibhethri ngenxa yomehluko wamandla e-electrode phakathi kwezinsimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukugqwala kwensimbi ye-anode.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical: Okokuqala, kungcono ukusebenzisa into efanayo yensimbi yomzila wokugeleza wepompo; okwesibili, sebenzisa ama-anode omhlatshelo ukuvikela insimbi ye-cathode.
7. Ukugqwala kwe-Intergranular
I-Intergranular corrosion iwuhlobo lokugqwala kwasendaweni, okubhekiselwa kakhulu emvuleni ye-chromium carbide phakathi kwezinhlamvu zensimbi engagqwali. I-Intergranular corrosion igqwala kakhulu ezintweni zensimbi engagqwali. Impahla ene-intergranular corrosion ilahlekelwa amandla ayo kanye nepulasitiki cishe ngokuphelele.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukugqwala kwe-intergranular yilezi: insimbi engagqwali, noma ukusebenzisa i-ultra-low carbon stainless steel (C<0.03%).
8. Ukugqwala nokugqwala
Ukugqwala kwe-abrasion kubhekisela ohlotsheni lokuguguleka koketshezi olunesivinini esiphezulu endaweni yensimbi. Ukuguguleka kokuguguleka kwe-fluid kuhlukile ekugugulekeni okubangelwa izinhlayiya eziqinile phakathi nendawo.
Izinto ezihlukene zinezakhiwo ezihlukene zokulwa nokugqwala nokugqwala. Ukuhleleka kokuguga nokumelana nokugqwala kusuka kokubi kuye kokuhle yilokhu: insimbi ye-ferritic Cr
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