iindaba
A: Thatha umoya ungenanto: ukuba impompo inegesi kunye ne-liquid, ipompo ayikwazi ukusebenza, ukuhamba kunye noxinzelelo luvame ukuya kwi-zero. I-Cavitation: iyenzeka kwimpompo ngexesha lokusebenza, ukusuka kumbindi ngaphakathi kwempompo, ukuhamba kunye nokutshintsha koxinzelelo kunye nokuwa, okubangelwa ukutshitshiswa kwe-hydraulic. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuthatha umoya ongenanto ngaphandle kwempompo kubangelwa yinto eyenzekayo kwimpompo, ngenxa yokufakelwa kokuvuza kombhobho wobugcisa, ukuphefumla igesi ebangelwa ukukhutshwa kuye kwaba yinto enqabileyo, ininzi yabo ibangelwa utshintsho ekusebenzeni kunye nenkqubo ebangelwa. . Ukuze ugweme okanye ulawule ukwenzeka kwe-cavitation, ekusebenzeni kwempompo ukuya kwimodareyitha, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokushisa akukwazi ukubonakala ngathi kukho utshintsho olukhulu. Kumgca wokufunxa wempompo kufuneka uthintele igesi ukuba ingahlali, uxinzelelo lokungena luxinzelelo olubi lwempompo yokungena yokulinda kufuneka luvalwe.
1) umdlalo oguqukayo :ubungakanani benene bomngxuma bukhulu kunobukhulu bempompo
2) i-static fit: ubungakanani bokwenene be-shaft bukhulu kunobukhulu bokwenene bomngxuma owenziwe ngumdlalo;
3) umahluko ocacileyo: ukulingana okuguquguqukayo, i-axis yesibini; ubungakanani benene bomngxuma bukhulu kunobukhulu benene bomngxuma; Umngxuma unokwenza intshukumo ehambelanayo; i-static fit: i-axis kunye nomngxuma akwenzeki intshukumo ehambelanayo.
A: Icocekile, icocekile, ithambisa kwaye ikhuselekile
A: I-Labyrinth seal: kukho inani elicwangcisiweyo ngokulandelelana kwamazinyo etywina, amazinyo kunye ne-rotor ukwenza uthotho lwe-gap ejikelezayo kunye nokwandiswa kwendawo, ulwelo ngokujija okuninzi kunye nokujika kwejelo, emva kokubethelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuvelisa. ukumelana okukhulu, Ukuze ulwelo kunzima ukuvuza, ukutywina injongo.
A: I-1) iinxalenye zingasetyenziselwa ukutshintshiselana omnye nomnye, kunye nokufezekisa iindawo zokuqala zezibonakaliso, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-partchangeability.
I-2) idlale ngokusisiseko kulula ukuyilungisa, ukunciphisa ixesha lokulondoloza, ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye nendima yokusebenza kakuhle.
A: impompo yamandla iqhubeka ithumela amandla ukuba ibe lulwelo, yenza isantya sawo amandla e-kinetic kunye nokwanda koxinzelelo, abo banyuka kakhulu isantya, emva koko isantya sayo sincitshisiwe, sinokwenza uninzi lwamandla e-kinetic kuxinzelelo, ukusetyenziswa kuye kwandise ulwelo ukuba lube. ukuhanjiswa emva koxinzelelo lwezothutho, njenge: 1) impompo ye-vane, ibandakanya a impompo ye-centrifugal, impompo yokuhamba okuxutyiweyo, impompo ye-axial flow, impompo ye-vortex, njl. 2) impompo yejet, kuquka impompo yejethi yegesi, impompo yejethi engamanzi, Njl
A: Impendulo: impompo yokufuduka efanelekileyo kwinkqubo yokutshintsha rhoqo umthamo wepompo yepompo, ukwenzela ukuba isebenze kunye nokutshintsha kwexesha lokutshintshela ukuthuthwa kwamanzi, ngoko ke uxinzelelo luphakama ngokuthe ngqo kuxinzelelo olufunekayo ukufezekisa ixabiso emva kokunikezelwa, njenge: 1) impompo ebuyiselayo, ipompo yepiston, impompo yeplunger, iipompo ze-diaphragm, i-extrusion, njl. 2) impompo yerotor, kubandakanya impompo yegiya, impompo yesijivu, impompo yerotz, impompo yepiston ejikelezayo, impompo yesilayidi, impompo yecrankshaft, impompo yerotor eguquguqukayo, impompo yeperistaltic,njalo
A: ikakhulu zibandakanya: ukuhamba, intloko, i-NPSH, isantya, amandla e-rotor kunye nokusebenza kakuhle njalo njalo.
9.Kutheni ufuna i-disk drive eqhelekileyo yezixhobo ezisecaleni? Yintoni esifanele sinikele ingqalelo kuyo?
Impendulo: i-1) i-disk drive eqhelekileyo yezixhobo zokuncedisa, enye kukujonga ukuba isixhobo siguquguqukayo kwaye kukho ukuchasana kwekhadi; Okwesibini kukuthintela i-deformation deformation njalo njalo, ukudlala indima yokulinda ngokwenene. 2) ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe: enye kukuba indawo yokumisa i-rotor emva kweplate i-180 degrees ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala; Inxalenye yesibini kukuthambisa ioli yokuthambisa yempompo kufuneka ibe yioyile, Emva kokuguqula imoto, ukuthintela ukuthwala umonakalo.
A: Umlinganiselo wangoku yimoto kwi-voltage elinganisiweyo, amandla alinganisiweyo kwimeko yomsebenzi oqhelekileyo wangoku, ukuba ungaphezulu kwangoku owenziweyo, i-motor ilula ukufudumala, isenzo sokukhusela isixhobo sokukhusela, ukwenzela ukuba indawo yokupaka impompo, njengesixhobo sokukhusela i-relay asikho isenzo okanye isenzo Kulula ukutshisa i-motor, umonakalo le Impompo centrifugal.
Impendulo: 1) khangela ukuba isalathisi somlinganiselo woxinzelelo okanye i-ammeter isendaweni emiselweyo kwaye izinzile; 2) khangela ukuba isandi esisebenzayo siqhelekile kwaye akukho ngxolo; 3) ingaba iqondo lokushisa lokuthwala kunye nemoto liqhelekileyo (akukho ngaphezu kwama-60 degrees); 4) khangela ukuba amanzi okupholisa akavalwanga na, impompo yokupakisha, ukuvuza kwetywina lomatshini, njengokuba ukuvuza kuphakathi koluhlu oluvumelekileyo; 5) khangela ukuba indawo edibeneyo iqinile kwaye ingaba i-anchor bolt ikhululekile; 6) khangela ukuba i-lubrication ilungile kwaye inqanaba leoli liqhelekileyo.
A) 1) Khangela ukuba itikiti lenkonzo liyahambelana neyona nombolo yesixhobo esiza kulungiswa; 2) Qhagamshelana nomlindi ukuze ufumane ukuphuma kombane; 3) Ukubonelela ngomonakalo wezixhobo kunye nokulungisa iindawo ezithile kubasebenzi bokulondoloza; 4) Ukugcinwa nokubekwa kweliso komgangatho wogcino; 5) emva kokugqitywa kokugcinwa, qhagamshelana nokunikezelwa kwamandla, uvavanyo; 6) emva kokusebenza okuqhelekileyo, ukubeka iliso kwi-duty monitor, kunye nokwenza irekhodi.
A) 1) ivalve yokungena impompo kukugcinwa kwempompo xa impompo iyedwa okanye inqunyulwe amacandelo enkqubo, ayinakusetyenziswa ukulungelelanisa ukuhamba kufuneka ivuleke ngokupheleleyo;
2) ivalve yokuphuma kukulungelelanisa ukuhamba kwaye uvule okanye uvale impompo xa inkqubo yokwahlula yamacandelo.
A: Ngokweemeko zenkqubo kunye noxinzelelo lokusebenza, ukukhethwa kwesantya sokujikeleza kwe-corrosion ephakathi.
Impendulo: 1) isitywina se-cushion esingeyintsimbi; 2) izitywini ze-gasket ezingenanto kunye nentsimbi; 3) isitywina se-cushion yensimbi.
A: 1) ukuvuza okubangelwa kuyilo; I-flange kunye ne-flanged cover ayikhethwanga ngokufanelekileyo; B ukhetho gasket alufanelekanga; I-C flange kunye ne-bolt materials ayikhethwanga.
2) ukuvuza okubangelwa kukuvelisa, ukufakwa kunye nokusebenza; Ukuchaneka kwe-flange kunye ne-gasket machining ayihambelani neemfuno zobugcisa; B qinisa iibholithi, ukusebenza ngokungafanelekanga, kubangela ukutenxa kwe-gasket; Ubuso be-C flange betywina abucocekanga okanye bunokungcola.
Impendulo: Itywina elingumatshini, elikwabizwa ngokuba bubuso bubuncinane bepere yobuso besiphelo se-axis ejikelezayo, phantsi kwentshukumo yoxinzelelo lolwelo kunye nembuyekezo, yenza ezi ziphelo zimbini zibe kunye, kunye nokutyibilika nokuthintela isixhobo sokuvuza kwamanzi.
Impendulo: kukho iindidi ezimbini, itywina eliguqukayo kunye netywina elimileyo.
A: 1) ukuphela kokutywinwa kwendandatho eshukumayo kunye ne-static ring igugile kakhulu kwaye i-coefficient yokulayisha ayinangqiqo kuyilo. ukuze indawo yokuphela kokutywina inokuvelisa iintanda, ukuguqulwa kunye nokuqhekeka. 2) iziphene kwiindandatho ezininzi ezincedisayo zokutywina okanye iziphene ngenxa yendibano engafanelekanga, kunye nokukhethwa kwezitywina ezincedisayo ezingafanelekanga kwi-medium yokusebenza. 3) intwasahlobo yangaphambili yokuqinisa amandla ayonelanga okanye emva kokusebenza kwexesha elide, ukwaphuka, ukubola, ukuphumla, ukupheka, kunye nendawo yokusebenza yamasuntswana amisiweyo ekristale okanye ukuqokelelana kwexesha elide lokuxinana kucoceko lwasentwasahlobo, kubangele ukusilela kwentwasahlobo, imbuyekezo yeringi. ayikwazi ukudada, ukuvuza; 4) ngenxa yokuba ukutenxa ngokuthe nkqo kwesiphelo sokutywinwa kunye ne-axis ye-static ring seal inkulu kakhulu, isiphelo sokutywinwa sobuso bokutywina asiqinanga ngokwaneleyo ukubangela ukuvuza; 5) ngenxa yokuba ulwalathiso lwe-axial lwe-shaft lukhulu, iindawo ezihambelana nesitywina azihambelani kakuhle okanye umgangatho umpofu, othanda ukuvuza.
Impendulo: ngokobume bendawo ephakathi, uxinzelelo lomsebenzi, iqondo lobushushu, isantya sokutyibilika kunye nezinye izinto onokukhetha kuzo, ngamanye amaxesha ziphinde zithathele ingqalelo amandla okruthakruthwano omileyo ngexesha elifutshane xa uqala okanye ukwaphula inwebu.
Impendulo: 1) ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa, 2) ukomeleza ama-eddies, 3) ukwandisa inani lamazinyo atywiniweyo, 4) zama ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic omoya abe ngamandla obushushu.
Impendulo: i-ring ring seal isekelwe kwimpembelelo ye-throttling eveliswa kwi-gap emxinwa phakathi kwe-axis kunye nendandatho ejikelezayo, kunye neoli yokutywina ephezu koxinzelelo lwegesi ifakwe kwi-clearance ukufezekisa injongo yokutywinwa kwegesi.
Impendulo: 1) ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide lomsesane ojikelezayo, ukunxiba okuqhelekileyo kunye nokukrazula, ukwandisa i-gap; 2) i-shaft ye-shaft ye-floating ring hole inzima kwaye ukuchaneka kuphantsi. 3) indibano engafanelekanga ibangela ukuphambuka, kwaye ukuqhotyoshelwa kwe-attachment ephakathi kulahlekile, ukwenzela ukuba ukuhamba kweoli kuphuma kwezinye izikhewu, okunyuka kokuvuza;
Impendulo: I-1) umsebenzi we-oyile ibhloko kukuthintela ukuthwala ioli ukuba iqhube kunye nentamo ye-axial ukuya ngaphandle kwe-bearing, kwaye kukho iindidi ezimbini zokubeka indawo: enye i-bearing pedestal kwaye enye i-axle. I-2) i-oyile yokugcina i-oyile inokulinganiswa ngokulinganisa irula xa ibhloko yeoli ichithwa okanye ihlanganiswe. Ebusweni be-gap yeoli phakathi kwe-axle, inokukhululeka ngokufanelekileyo. Ebusweni be-gap yeoli phakathi kweebhloko zokuthwala, imfuno ingqongqo. Inxalenye engezantsi ngu-0.05-0.10mm, kwaye amacala amabini angama-0.10-0.20mm, kwaye inxalenye ephezulu ngu-0.20-0.25 mm.
A: 1) umsantsa phakathi kokukhutshwa kweradial mkhulu kakhulu, okanye umsantsa phakathi kweringi yotywino yomoya esanda kutshintshwa mncinci kakhulu; 2) itywina okanye i-gas seal ring, phakathi kwamazinyo ngenxa yokuguga kunye nokucotha, okanye ngenxa yokugqoka ixesha elide emva kokuguqulwa kobushushu, okubangelwa ukungaphumeleli ekusebenziseni; 3) emva kokusebenzisa ixesha elide, i-spring slacken, i-deformation, ngokukhawuleza ukutywina ikhonkco ayikwazi ukufikelela kwindawo echongiweyo, emva kokusebenza, imvula yokuqokelela uthuli, ukungcola, ukutywinwa koxinzelelo oluphakathi luphantsi kunoxinzelelo oluphakathi lokusebenza kunye nokungazinzi koxinzelelo, njl.
Impendulo: ukutywinwa kwesitya sesikhumba, ukutywinwa kwentsimbi, ukutywinwa kwe-screw, i-pneumatic seal, i-hydraulic seal, i-centrifugal seal, i-packing seal, i-labyrinth seal, i-mechanical seal, njl.
Impendulo: 1) ukuzitywina umgangatho, 2) imeko yokusebenza kwenkqubo, 3) ukuchaneka kofakelo lwendibano, 4) ukuchaneka komkhosi, 5) ukutywina inkqubo yokuncedisa.
Impendulo: Isitywina somatshini siqulunqwe ngumsesane omileyo, umsesane oshukumayo, isixhobo sokubuyisela imbuyekezo, umsesane wotywino oncedisayo kunye nendlela yokuhambisa. Ubuso bokugqibela bendandatho ye-static kunye nendandatho ehambayo i-perpendicular kwi-axis yempompo kwaye idibanisa kunye yenze indawo yokutywina ejikelezayo. Umsesane omileyo kunye nedlala, zonke ziqhutywa ngomsesane wokutywina oncedisayo kwi-shaft, ukubuyisela umsesane we-buffering we-drive umsesane ecaleni kwentshukumo ye-axial, iringi yokuhlala kunye nobuso besiphelo somsesane omileyo, kunye nokunxitywa komsesane wokutywina umva wobuso ukubuyisela.
Impendulo: 1) ukusebenza kakuhle kokutywinwa, ukuvuza kwamatywina omatshini ngokubanzi kwi-0.01 ukuya kwi-5 ml / h, ngokweemfuno ezizodwa, ngoyilo olukhethekileyo, ukuveliswa kokuvuza kwetywina lokuvuza kwe-0.01 ml / h kuphela, kwaye nokuba kuncinci, kunye nokupakisha uphawu. ukuvuza kwe-3-80 - ml / h (ngokwemimiselo echaphazelekayo yelizwe lethu, xa ububanzi be-axle bungekho ngaphezu kwe-50 mm kuthetha ukuhamba kuyalingana no-3 ml / h, xa ububanzi be-asi yi-50 mm ithetha i-flowis ilingana ne-5 ml / h);
2) ubomi obude bayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezu kwe-8000h;
3) amandla amancinci okukhuhlana, kuphela i-20% ukuya kwi-30% yokupakisha isitywina;
4) akukho ntshukumo ehambelanayo phakathi kwe-shaft kunye nomkhono we-shaft kunye namatywina, kwaye akukho ngxabano, kwaye umkhono we-axial kunye ne-axial unobomi obude;
I-5) indawo yokutywinwa kwe-mechanical seal i-perpendicular kwi-axis yepompo, kwaye isitywina sinokuvelisa ukufuduka nangaliphi na ixesha xa i-shaft yepompo ishukuma. Ke ngoko, ukungcangcazela kusenokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kokutywina xa kukuluhlu oluthile;
6) itywina lomatshini kwindima yokutywinwa koxinzelelo lolwelo kunye namandla entwasahlobo, gcina umphezulu omileyo / oguqukayo wokutywinwa komsesane, kwaye uthembele kumandla asentwasahlobo ukuhlawula ukunxitywa, ngoko kanye ukuthunyelwa okufanelekileyo, ekusebenzeni kwempompo ngokubanzi. akudingeki ukuba utshintshe rhoqo, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, umsebenzi omncinci wokulondoloza;
7) ingasetyenziselwa ubushushu obuphezulu, ubushushu obuphantsi, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, isantya esiphezulu kunye ne-corrosion enamandla;
8) iingxaki kunye nokutshintshwa kwamacandelo akulula kwaye kunokulungiswa kuphela emva kokupaka;
9) isakhiwo sinzima, ukuchaneka kwendibano kuphezulu, indibano kunye nofakelo luneemfuno ezithile zobugcisa;
10) amaxabiso aphezulu okuvelisa.
Impendulo: 1) Ububanzi be-asi: indawo yempompo yomatshini we-axle yotywino iqhelekile yi-6-200-mm, ikhethekileyo yi-400 mm, ububanzi bempompo ye-axle idla ngokufuneka ngamandla ngokujikeleziswa okanye ukusebenzisa ikhola ukumodareyitha ukuhambelana nomgangatho wokutywinwa koomatshini. ububanzi be-axle;
2) isantya: ngokuqhelekileyo, isantya sempompo siyafana, isantya sokujikeleza sepompo ye-centrifugal jikelele singaphantsi okanye silingana ne-3000r / min; Ipompo yesantya esiphezulu se-centrifugal ingaphantsi okanye ilingana ne-8000r / min, kwaye ipompo ekhethekileyo ingaphantsi okanye ilingana ne-4000r / min;
3) isantya somndilili wesangqa somphezulu wokutywina: isantya somgca wesangqa somndilili wedayamitha yesiphelo sokutywinwa komhlaba. Umyinge wesantya somgca wesigqubuthelo sokutywinwa mkhulu ukufudumeza kunye nokunxiba kwendawo yokutywina (isibini sokukhuhlana). Ngokuqhelekileyo, umjikelezo wetywina lokukhupha ungaphantsi kokulingana ne-30m / s; Isantya esijikelezayo sotywino olusetyenziswayo lwasentwasahlobo olumileyo lungaphantsi kweemitha ezili-100 ngomzuzwana. Ekhethekileyo ingaba ngaphantsi okanye ilingane ne-150m/s;
I-4) uxinzelelo lobungakanani bobuso: ubuso bokugqibela buxinzelelo loqhagamshelwano (MPa) phantsi kwendawo yokutywina. Ubuso bokuphela kobuso bokutywina kufuneka bulawulwe ngaphakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo, kwaye ukusebenza kokutywinwa kuya kuncitshiswa ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye isigqubuthelo sokutywinwa siya kufudunyezwa kwaye sigqitywe yindibano jikelele. Ukutywinwa komatshini wempompo yixabiso loxinzelelo lwesiphelo somgangatho ofanelekileyo: isitywina esakhiweyo somatshini, ngokubanzi iPc = 0.3-0.6mpa; Ukulayishwa kwangaphandle, i-Pc = 0.15-0.4mpa. I-lubricity engcono xa ujongene noxinzelelo oluthile lunokwandiswa ngokufanelekileyo, i-viscosity ephezulu yefilimu yolwelo inyusa isiphelo sobuso boxinzelelo oluthile, i-Pc ekhoyo = 0.5 -0.7 MPa fluid ye-volatile ephantsi, i-lubricity kufuneka ithathe isiphelo esincinci sobuso boxinzelelo oluthile, olukhoyo = 0.3-0.3 MPa.
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